马蹄香大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体形成

马蹄香（Ｓａｒｕｍａｈｅｎｒｙｉ,Ｏｌｉｖ．）花药壁的发育属双子叶型。花粉母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体主要为四面体形,少数为左右对称式排列。腺质绒毡层,其细胞可排列为不规则的两层,双核或多核。到单细胞花粉阶段,绒毡层细胞内切向壁上出现许多乌氏体。成熟花粉为２细胞型,圆球状,具单萌发沟。雌蕊６心皮,上部彼此分离、下部联合。倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚球心。胚囊发育蓼型。成熟胚囊为七细胞结构,但两个助细胞退化较早。     

尾穗苋茎的异常加厚

尾穗苋茎中多轮散生维管束的产生是由起源于原形成层的异常形成层连续活动的结果。异常形成层由１─２层细胞组成,在早期的活动中,通常以单向方式向内交替产生维管束原束和薄壁结合组织;而后期则以双向活动方式向内产生木质部和其间的厚壁结合组织,韧皮部较晚在异常形成层的外缘发生。原形成层束分化为具束中形成层的外韧维管束,但无束间形成层分化。中央维管束和各轮异常维管束中的束中形成层能产生一些次生维管组织。     

细胞间粘附分子1的研究进展

细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1),又名CD54,是一种重要的细胞表面粘附分子,属免疫球蛋白超家族．它可与鼻病毒以及整合素家族成员结合,参与炎症,普通感冒,变态反应及移植排斥反应．文章就其细胞分布、表达调节、结构功能、基因工程以及临床应用进行了综述．     

微小根毛霉感染机理研究

本文在首次报告二例肺结核、糖尿病患者合并感染肺微小根毛霉的基础上,进一步探讨免疫功能受损与微小根毛霉感染关系。本文采用不同剂量~(60)Co-γ全身辐照小鼠,然后以不同途径注射同剂量的微小根毛霉的孢囊孢子,观察动物的感染情况和感染后的真菌检出率,结果发现各种辐射剂量均在辐射后7-14日感染菌的检出率最高;各种脏器感染菌的检出率以脾脏最高(66.7—81.8％);淋巴结最低(0.0—25.0％);其他脏器的感染菌检出率也有不同程度的差异。     

蜂毒素与紫膜的相互作用机理研究──与三种表面活性剂的比较

用吸收光谱和圆二色谱的方法研究了蜂毒素与嗜血菌紫膜的相互作用机理．通过与三种在结构和电荷上不同的表面活性剂与紫膜的作用相比较,可以年出蜂毒作为带正电荷的分子与同样带正电的表面活性剂ＤＴＡＢ在引起紫膜凝聚方面表现相同;但在对紫膜可见光区的吸收光谱和圆二色谱的影响上却与具有刚性结构的ＣＨＡＰＳ相似,表明蜂毒可在紫膜表面以一种刚性较大的构象（如α螺旋）存在,不能进入膜蛋白流水区的深层．另外,从紫膜－Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ－蜂毒混合作用体系的研究中得到如下推测：蜂毒与Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ竞争菌紫质分子周围的结合位点,可排斥位于菌紫质周围的Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ分子．表明蜂毒具有比Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ更强的与菌紫质的亲和力,从而提供了支持蜂毒分子存在与膜蛋白－菌紫质的直接相互作用的有力证据．     

促进兴安落叶松天然更新的出苗条件研究

根据４０多块标准地调查,促进更新措施后兴安落叶松１年生幼苗出现的频度及数量与种子年关系很大,幼苗更新效果最好的是种子年当年,更新频度可达６０％以上,幼苗平均为１．０—２．０×１０３株·ｈａ－１,其他年份促进的效果较差．同时,也与迹地类型、种源状况和整地质量关系较大．一般在山坡中、下部,土壤湿润的杜香落叶松和藓类越桔落叶松林迹地促进效果较好,其更新频度为６０—７０％．绝大部分更新幼苗出现在表土裸露、无杂草灌木、土壤湿润的地方．更新频度与植被盖度呈明显的衰减指数相关．促进地块距下种林墙最好不超过６０ｍ范围．     

黑松,马尾松及其杂种的核型比较

分析了黑松、马尾松及其杂种的核型。其核型公式：黑松为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４－２０ｍ（６＿（ＳＡＴ）））＋４ｓｍ;杂种为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２３ｍ＋１ｓｍ;马尾松为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４－２４ｍ（４＿（ＳＡＴ））。相对长度和臂比方差分析表明,两亲本和杂种差异显著。杂种在相对长度、全组染色体总长、最长与最短染色体比、臂比平均值以及染色体类型上均处于双亲之间。这些研究结果为进一步研究该天然杂种提供必要的细胞学资料。     

铁红圆酵母属两个类群的培养特征初步研究

通过超滤膜过滤法,在大连市黑石礁海域２５００米以内,分离到白色与铁红圆酵母两类海洋酵母。铁红圆酵母分属于Ｔｏｒｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｐｕｌｃｅｒｒｉｍａ类群和Ｔｏｒｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｃａｎｄｉｄａ类群。葡萄糖——蛋白胨——酵母膏液体培养基静止培养条件下,Ｔ．ｐｕｌｃｅｒｒｉｍａ类群培养五天半,活酵母数量达到第一次高峰,为１．２×１０￣８／ｍｌ,大约在八天半之后,达到最高数量,为２．０×１０８／ｍｌ。Ｔ．ｃａｎｄｉｄａ类群,培养大约二天半后,酵母数量达到第一次高峰,为１．８×１０￣７／ｍｌ,培养大约十天半,活细胞数达到最高峰,为１．２×１０￣（－８）／ｍｌ。由于铁红园酵母具有易培性,耐不良环境能力强的优点,作为未来水产养殖业幼体饵料微生物具有广泛地应用前景。     

Polyamine regulation of Na+/glucose symporter expression in LLC-PK1 cells

Addition of polyamines or their analogs to newly confluent LLC-PK₁ cells resulted in down-regulation of Na⁺-glucose transport (symport) activity. Polyamines prevented the induction of this symporter by the differentiation inducer hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) but did not influence induction by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Partial depletion of endogenous polyamines after addition of α -difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) resulted in a 4 to 5-fold increase in symporter expression. Symporter induction by either HMBA or DFMO was inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor H-7 but H-7 did not affect symporter induction by IBMX. Changes in symporter activity were accompanied by changes in levels of the 75 kD symporter subunit detected by Western blot. Cultures exposed to HMBA exhibited reduced levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity. Our results suggest that induction of symporter expression by HMBA may be mediated in part by its effects on polymine metabolism, and point to parallel roles of polyamines and cyclic AMP in regulating the expression of this physiologically important renal transport system. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Change in climatically suitable breeding distributions reduces hybridization potential between Vermivora warblers

Aim

Climate change is affecting the distribution of species and subsequent biotic interactions, including hybridization potential. The imperiled Golden-winged Warbler (GWWA) competes and hybridizes with the Blue-winged Warbler (BWWA), which may threaten the persistence of GWWA due to introgression. We examined how climate change is likely to alter the breeding distributions and potential for hybridization between GWWA and BWWA.

Location

North America.

Methods

We used GWWA and BWWA occurrence data to model climatically suitable conditions under historical and future climate scenarios. Models were parameterized with 13 bioclimatic variables and 3 topographic variables. Using ensemble modeling, we estimated historical and modern distributions, as well as a projected distribution under six future climate scenarios. We quantified breeding distribution area, the position of and amount of overlap between GWWA and BWWA distributions under each climate scenario. We summarized the top explanatory variables in our model to predict environmental parameters of the distributions under future climate scenarios relative to historical climate.

Results

GWWA and BWWA distributions are projected to substantially change under future climate scenarios. GWWA are projected to undergo the greatest change; the area of climatically suitable breeding season conditions is expected to shift north to northwest; and range contraction is predicted in five out of six future climate scenarios. Climatically suitable conditions for BWWA decreased in four of the six future climate scenarios, while the distribution is projected to shift east. A reduction in overlapping distributions for GWWA and BWWA is projected under all six future climate scenarios.

Main Conclusions

Climate change is expected to substantially alter the area of climatically suitable conditions for GWWA and BWWA, with the southern portion of the current breeding ranges likely to become climatically unsuitable. However, interactions between BWWA and GWWA are expected to decline with the decrease in overlapping habitat, which may reduce the risk of genetic introgression.